ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
STANDARDS APPLICABLE TO THE COAL MINES
1) Air Quality – (i) Work zone –Standards for Coal Mines issued by MoEF, GSR-742 E dt. 25.09.2000
(ii) Residential category – National Ambient Air Quality standards issued by CPCB, GSR 176 dt. 02.04.1996.
2) Water Quality – (i) Mine discharge / Workshop / Colony effluents – Standards for Coal Mines issued by MoEF, GSR-742 E dt. 25.09.2000 and GSR-801 (E), EPA, 1986, dt.31.12.1993.
(ii) Ground Water – BIS 105000 : 1991
(iii) Surface Water – BIS 2296 : 1982
A. STANDARDS FOR COAL MINES (Stipulated by Ministry of
Environment and Forests (MoEF), Vide Notification No.
GSR 742(E), Dt: 25.09.2000)
I. AIR QUALITY
STANDARDS:
(a) Standards
Pollutant |
Time weighted Average |
Concentration in Ambient Air |
||
New Coal Mines (commenced after 25.09.2000) |
Existing Coal Mines (commenced prior to 25.09.2000) |
Work Zone (Power House) |
||
Suspended Particulates Matter (SPM) |
Annual Average
24 hours |
360 µg/m3 500
µg/m3 |
430 µg/m3 600 µg/m3 |
360 µg/m3 500 µg/m3 |
Respirable Particulate Matter (size less than 10 µm) (RPM) |
Annual Average
24
hours |
180 µg/m3 250
µg/m3 |
215 µg/m3 300 µg/m3 |
120 µg/m3 150 µg/m3 |
|
Annual Average
24
hours |
80 µg/m3 120
µg/m3 |
80 µg/m3 120 µg/m3 |
80 µg/m3 120 µg/m3 |
Oxides of Nitrogen as NO2 |
Annual Average
24
hours |
80 µg/m3 120
µg/m3 |
80 µg/m3 120 µg/m3 |
80 µg/m3 120 µg/m3 |
Micro Gram
/ Cubic meter (µg/m3)
Note : -(i) Annual arithmetic mean of 24- hourly / 8- hourly values shall be met 92% of the time in a year. However, 8% of the time it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.
(ii) In case of residential or commercial or industrial place falls within 500 metres of any dust generating sources, the National Ambient Air Quality Standards shall be made applicable.
(b) Frequency
(1) Air quality monitoring at a frequency of once in a fortnight (24 hourly sampling) at the identified locations near the dust generating sources.
(2) As a result of monthly monitoring, if it is found that the concentration of the pollutants is less than the 50% of the specified standards for three consecutive months, then the sampling frequency may be shifted to two days in a quarter year.
(3) In case the value has exceeded the specified standards, the air quality sampling shall be done twice in a week. If the results of four consecutive weeks indicate that the concentration of pollutants is within the specified standards, then fortnightly monitoring may be reverted to.
II. EFFLUENT WATER
QUALITY STANDARDS :
(a) Standards
pH -- 5.5 to 9.0
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) -- 250 mg/l
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) -- 100 mg/l
-- 200 mg/l (Land for irrigation)
Oil & Grease (O & G) -- 10 mg/l
Note: Milligrams / litre (mg/l)
(b) Frequency
Monitoring of these parameters shall be done at a frequency of once in a fortnight.
All the 33 Parameters as given in
Part-A of General Standards for discharge of Environmental Pollutants, GSR 801
(E) EPA 1993, prescribed by CPCB shall be monitored once in a year.
III. NOISE LEVEL
STANDARDS:
(a) Standards
Time duration: 6.00 A.M.- 10.00 P.M. 10.00 P.M. - 6.00 A.M
Noise Level: Leq 75 dB(A) Leq 70 dB(A)
Note : decibel (dB)
(b) Frequency
Monitoring frequency for noise levels shall be once in a fortnight.
Occupational exposure limit of noise specified by Director General of Mines Safety (DGMS) shall be complied with by the coalmines.
|
NOTE:
C. GENERAL STANDARDS* FOR DISCHARGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTANTS
Part
- A : Effluents
S. No. |
Parameter |
Inland surface water |
Public sewers |
Land for irrigation |
Marine/coastalareas |
. |
2 |
|
3 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
(a) |
(b) |
(c) |
(d) |
1 |
Colour and odour |
See 6 of Annexure-1I |
|
See 6 of Annexure-1I |
See 6 of Annexure-1I |
2 |
Suspended solids mg/l, max. |
100 |
600 |
200 |
(a) For process waste water |
3 |
Particle size of suspended solids |
shall pass 850 micron IS Sieve |
- |
- |
(a) Floatable solids, solidsmax. 3 mm |
4 |
pH value |
5.5 to 9.0 |
5.5 to 9.0 |
5.5 to 9.0 |
5.5 to 9.0 |
5 |
Temperature |
shall not exceed 5oC above the receiving water temperature |
|
|
shall not exceed 5oCabove the receiving water temperature |
6 |
Oil and grease, mg/l max, |
10 |
20 |
10 |
20 |
7 |
Total residual chlorine, mg/l max |
1.0 |
- |
- |
1.0 |
8 |
Ammonical nitrogen (as N),mg/l, max. |
50 |
50 |
- |
50 |
9 |
Total kjeldahl nitrogen (as N);mg/l, max. mg/l, max. |
100 |
- |
- |
100 |
10 |
Free ammonia (as NH3), mg/l,max. |
5.0 |
- |
- |
5.0 |
11 |
Biochemical oxygen demand (3 days at 27oC), mg/l, max. |
30 |
350 |
100 |
100 |
12 |
Chemical oxygen demand, mg/l, max. |
250 |
- |
- |
250 |
13 |
Arsenic(as As). |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
14 |
Mercury (As Hg), mg/l, max. |
0.01 |
0.01 |
- |
0.01 |
15 |
Lead (as Pb) mg/l, max |
0.1 |
1.0 |
- |
2.0 |
16 |
Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l, max |
2.0 |
1.0 |
- |
2.0 |
17 |
Hexavalent chro-mium (as Cr + 6),mg/l, max. |
0.1 |
2.0 |
- |
1.0 |
18 |
Total chromium (as Cr) mg/l, max. |
2.0 |
2.0 |
- |
2.0 |
19 |
Copper (as Cu)mg/l, max. |
3.0 |
3.0 |
- |
3.0 |
20 |
Zinc (as Zn) mg/l, max. |
5.0 |
15 |
- |
15 |
21 |
Selenium (as Se) |
0.05 |
0.05 |
- |
0.05 |
22 |
Nickel (as Ni) mg/l, max. |
3.0 |
3.0 |
- |
5.0 |
23 |
Cyanide (as CN) mg/l, max. |
0.2 |
2.0 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
24 |
Fluoride (as F) mg/l, max. |
2.0 |
15 |
- |
15 |
25 |
Dissolved phos- phates (as P),mg/l, max. |
5.0 |
- |
- |
- |
26 |
Sulphide (as S) mg/l, max. |
2.0 |
- |
- |
5.0 |
27 |
Phenolic compounds (as C6H50H)mg/l, max. |
1.0 |
5.0 |
- |
5.0 |
28 |
Radioactive materials: |
10-7 |
10-7 |
10-8 |
10-7 |
29 |
Bio-assay test |
90% suivival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent |
90% suivival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluen |
90% suivival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluen |
90% suivival of |
30 |
Manganese |
2 mg/l |
2 mg/l |
- |
2 mg/l |
31 |
Iron (as Fe) |
3mg/l |
3mg/l |
- |
3mg/l |
32 |
Vanadium (as V) |
0.2mg/l |
0.2mg/l |
- |
0.2mg/l |
33 |
Nitrate Nitrogen |
10 mg/l |
- |
- |
20 mg/l |
These standards shall be applicable for industries, operations or processes other than those industries, operations or process for which standards have been specified in Schedule of the Environment Protection Rules, 1989.
ANNEXURE-I
The state boards shall fallow the following guidelines in enforcing the
standards specified under Schedule IV.
a. The limits should be complied with at the end of the treatment plant before dilution.
b. Bio-assay test should be carried out with the available species of fish in the receiving water, the COD limits to be specified in the consent conditions should be correlated with the BOD limits.
c. In case metabolites and isomers of the pesticides in the given list are found in significant concentrations, standards should be prescribed for these also in the same concentration as the individual pesticides.
d. Industries are required to analyze pesticides in wastewater by advanced analytical methods such as GLC/HPLC.
[GSR 801 (E), EPA,
1986, dated
D. INDIAN STANDARDS FOR DRINKING WATER -
SPECIFICATION ( BIS 10500 :
1991 )
|
||||
Sl.No |
Substance or Characteristic |
Requirement (Desirable Limit) |
Permissible Limit
in the absence of Alternate source |
|
Essential
characteristics |
||||
1. |
Colour, ( Hazen
units, Max ) |
5 |
25 |
|
2. |
Odour |
Unobjectonable |
Unobjectionable |
|
3. |
Taste |
Agreeable |
Agreeable |
|
4. |
Turbidity (
NTU, Max) |
5 |
10 |
|
5. |
pH Value |
6.5 to 8.5 |
No Relaxsation |
|
6. |
Total Hardness
(as CaCo3) mg/lit.,Max |
300 |
600 |
|
7. |
Iron
(as Fe) mg/lit,Max |
0.3 |
1.0 |
|
8. |
Chlorides (as Cl) mg/lit,Max. |
250 |
1000 |
|
9. |
Residual,free chlorine,mg/lit,Min |
0.2 |
-- |
|
Desirable
Characteristics |
||||
10. |
Dissolved
solids mg/lit,Max |
500 |
2000 |
|
11. |
Calcium (as
Ca) mg/lit,Max |
75 |
200 |
|
12. |
Copper
(as Cu) mg/lit,Max |
0.05 |
1.5 |
|
13 |
Manganese (as Mn)mg/lit,Max |
0.10 |
0.3 |
|
14 |
Sulfate (as SO4) mg/lit,Max |
200 |
400 |
|
15 |
Nitrate (as
NO3) mg/lit,Max |
45 |
100 |
|
16 |
Fluoride (as F)
mg/lit,Max |
1.9 |
1.5 |
|
17 |
Phenolic Compounds (as C 6 H5OH) mg/lit, Max. |
0.001 |
0.002 |
|
18 |
Mercury (as
Hg)mg/lit,Max |
0.001 |
No relaxation |
|
19 |
Cadmiun (as Cd)mg/lit,Max |
0.01 |
No relaxation |
|
20 |
Selenium (as Se)mg/lit,Max |
0.01 |
No relaxation |
|
21 |
Arsenic (as As) mg/lit,Max |
0.05 |
No relaxation |
|
22 |
Cyanide (as CN)
mg/lit,Max |
0.05 |
No relaxation |
|
23 |
Lead (as Pb) mg/lit,Max |
0.05 |
No relaxation |
|
24 |
Zinc
(as Zn) mg/lit,Max |
5 |
15 |
|
25 |
Anionic
detergents (as MBAS) mg/lit,Max |
0.2 |
1.0 |
|
26 |
Chromium (as Cr6+)
mg/lit,Max |
0.05 |
No relaxation |
|
27 |
Polynuclear aromatic hydro carbons (as PAH) g/lit,Max |
-- |
-- |
|
28 |
Mineral Oil
mg/lit,Max |
0.01 |
0.03 |
|
29 |
Pesticides
mg/l, Max |
Absent |
0.001 |
|
30 |
Radioactive
Materials |
|
|
|
|
i. Alpha emitters Bq/l,Max |
-- |
0.1 |
|
|
ii. Beta emitters pci/l,Max |
-- |
1.0 |
|
31 |
Alkalinity mg/lit.Max |
200 |
600 |
|
32 |
Aluminium (as Al) mg/l,Max |
0.03 |
0.2 |
|
33 |
Boron mg/lit,Max |
1 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
\E.TOLERANCE LIMITS FOR INLAND SURFACE WATERS SUBJECT TO POLLUTION (IS:
2296-1982)
TOLERANCE LIMITS FOR INLAND SURFACE WATERS, CLASS C (Clause
3.3)
SL.NO (1) |
CHARACTERISTIC (2) |
TOLERANCE LIMIT (3) |
Method of test
(4)
(5) |
|
Ref to Cline in IS:3025-1964 # |
Other Method of Test |
|||
I) |
pH value |
6.5-8.5 |
8 |
-- |
ii) |
Dissolved Oxygen, mg/l, Min |
4 |
50 |
-- |
iii) |
Biochemical
oxygen demand (5 days at 20o C), mg/l, Max |
3 |
53 |
-- |
iv) |
Total Coli form
Organisms, MPN/100 ml, Max |
5000* |
-- |
3.3 of IS:
1622-1981** |
v) |
Color, Hazen units, Max |
300 |
5 |
-- |
vi) |
Fluorides (as F),
mg/l, Max |
1.5 |
23 |
-- |
vii) |
Cadmium (as Cd), mg/l, Max |
0.01 |
-- |
9 of IS:2488 (Part II)-1968## |
viii) |
Chlorides (as Cl), mg/l, Max |
600 |
24 |
-- |
ix) |
Chromium (as Cr 6+ ), mg/l, Max |
0.05 |
38 |
-- |
x) |
Cyanides (as CN),
mg/l, Max |
0.05 |
27 |
-- |
xi) |
Total dissolved
solids, mg/l, Max |
1500 |
12 |
-- |
xii) |
Selenium (as Se), mg/l, Max |
0.05 |
28 |
-- |
xiii) |
Sulphates (as SO4),
mg/l, Max |
400 |
20 |
-- |
xiv) |
Lead (as Pb), mg/l, Max |
0.1 |
37 |
-- |
xv) |
Copper (as Cu),
mg/l, Max |
1.5 |
36 |
-- |
xvi) |
Arsenic (as As), mg/l, Max |
0.2 |
40 |
-- |
xvii) |
Iron (as Fe),
mg/l, Max |
50 |
32 |
-- |
xviii) |
Phenolic Compounds (as C6H5OH),
mg/l, Max |
0.005 |
54 |
-- |
xix) |
Zinc (as Zn),
mg/l, max |
15 |
39 |
-- |
xx) |
Insecticides,
mg/l, Max |
Absent |
-- |
8 of IS:2488 (Part III)-1968*@ |
xxi) |
Anionic
detergents (as MBAS), mg/l, Max |
1 |
-- |
Methylene blue-extraction method |
xxii) |
Oils and grease,
mg/l, Max |
0.1 |
-- |
13 of IS:2488
(Part I 1966 $) |
xxiii) |
Nitrates (a NO3),
mg/l, Max |
50 |
48 |
-- |
xxiv) |
Alpha emitters,
µc/ml, Max |
10-9 |
58 |
-- |
xxv) |
Beta emitters, µc/ml, Max |
10-8 |
58 |
-- |
# Methods of sampling and test (physical and chemical) for water used in industry.
* If MPN count is noticed to be more than 5000 MPN then regular tests shall be carried out. The criteria shall be satisfied if during a period of time not more than 5 percent of the samples show more than 20000 MPN and not more than 20 percent of the samples show more than 5000 MPN. Further the faucal coliforms should not be more than 40 percent of the total coliforms.
** Methods of sampling and microbiological examination of water (first revision)
$ Methods of sampling and test for
industrial effluents, Part I
##Methods of sampling and test
for industrial effluents, Part II
@Methods of sampling and test for
industrial effluents, Part III
F. BIO- MEDICAL WASTE (MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING) (SECOND AMENDMENT) RULES, 1998
STANDARDS FOR TREATMENT AND
DISPOSAL OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTES
STANDARDS FOR INCINERATORS:
All incinerators shall meet the
following operating and emission standards
A. Operating Standards
1.
Combustion efficiency (CE) shall be at least 99.00%.
2. The
Combustion efficiency is computed as follows:
%C02
C.E.
= ------------ X 100
%C02
+ % CO
3. The temperature of the
primary chamber shall be 800 ± 50 deg. C°.
4. The secondary chamber gas
residence time shall be at least I (one) second at 1050 ± 50 C°, with minimum
3% Oxygen in the stack gas.
B. Emission Standards
Parameters
Concentration mg/Nm3
at (12% CO2 correction)
(1) Particulate matter
150
(2) Nitrogen Oxides
450
(3) HCI
50
(4) Minimum stack height shall be 30
metres above ground
(5) Volatile organic compounds in
ash shall not be more than 0.01%
Note :
• Suitably designed pollution
control devices should be installed/retrofitted with the incinerator to achieve
the above emission limits, if necessary.
• Wastes to be incinerated shall
not be chemically treated with any chlorinated disinfectants.
• Chlorinated plastics shall not
be incinerated.
• Toxic metals in incineration
ash shall be limited within the regulatory quantities as defined under the
Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling Rules,) 1989.
• Only low sulphur fuel like
L.D.0dLS.H.S.1Diesel shall be used as fuel in the incineration.
STANDARDS FOR WASTE AUTOCLAVING:
The autoclave should be
dedicated for the purposes of disinfecting and treating bio-medical waste,
(I) When operating a gravity
flow autoclave, medical waste shall be subjected to :
(i) a
temperature of not less than 121 C' and pressure of 15 pounds per square inch (psi) for an autoclave residence time of not less than 60
minutes; or
(ii) a temperature of not less than
135 C° and a pressure of 31 psi for an autoclave
residence time of not less than 45 minutes; or
(iii) a temperature of not less
than 149 C° and a pressure of 52 psi for an autoclave
residence time of not less than 30 minutes.
(II) When operating a vacuum
autoclave, medical waste shall be subjected to a minimum of one pre-vacuum
pulse to purge the autoclave of all air. The waste shall be subjected to the
following:
(i)
a temperature of
not less than 121 C° and pressure of 15 psi per an
autoclave residence time of not less than 45 minutes; or
(ii)
a temperature of
not less than 135 C° and a pressure of 31 psi for an
autoclave residence time of not less than 30 minutes;
(III) Medical waste shall not be
considered properly treated unless the time, temperature and pressure
indicators indicate that the required time, temperature and pressure were
reached during the autoclave process. If for any reasons, time temperature or
pressure indicator indicates that the required temperature, pressure or
residence time was not reached, the entire load of medical waste must be
autoclaved again until the proper temperature, pressure and residence time were
achieved.
(IV) Recording of operational parameters
Each autoclave shall have graphic
or computer recording devices which will automatically and continuously monitor
and record dates, time of day, load identification number and operating
parameters throughout the entire length of the autoclave cycle.
(V) Validation test
Spore
testing:
The autoclave should completely
and consistently kill the approved biological indicator at the maximum design
capacity of each autoclave unit. Biological indicator for autoclave shall be
Bacillus stearothermophilus spores using vials or
spore Strips; with at least 1X104 spores per millilitre. Under no
circumstances will an autoclave have minimum operating parameters less than a
residence time of 30 minutes, regardless of temperature and pressure, a
temperature less than 121 C° or a pressure less than 15 psi.
(VI) Routine Test
A chemical indicator strip/tape
that changes colour when a certain temperature is reached can be used to verify
that a specific temperature has been achieved. It may be necessary to use more than
one strip over the waste package at different location to ensure that the inner
content of the package has been adequately autoclaved
STANDARD FOR LIQUID WASTE:
The effluent generated from the
hospital should conform to the following limits
PARAMETERS
PERMISSIBLE
LIMITS
PH
6.3-9.0
Susponded solids 100 mg/l
Oil
and grease 10 mg/l
BOD
30
mg/l
COD
250
mg/l
Bio-assay
test
90%
survival of fish after 96 hours in
100% effluent.
these limits are applicable to
those, hospitals which are either connected with sewers without terminal sewage
treatment plant or not connected to public sewers. For discharge into public
sewers with terminal facilities, the general standards as notified under the
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 shall be applicable.
STANDARDS OF MICROWAVING
1 Microwave treatment shall not
be used for cytotoxic, hazardous or radioactive
wastes, contaminated animal car casses, body parts
and large metal items.
2. The microwave system shall
comply with the efficacy test/routine tests and a performance guarantee may be
provided by the supplier before operation of the limit.
3. The microwave should
completely and consistently kill the bacteria and other pathogenic organisms
that is ensured by approved biological indicator at the maximum design capacity
of each microwave unit. Biological indicators for microwave shall be Bacillus Subtilis spores using vials or spore strips with at least 1
x 101 spores per milliliter.
STANDARDS FOR DEEP BURIAL
1. A pit or trench should he dug
about 2 meters deep. It should be half filled with waste, then covered with
lime within 50 cm of the surface, before filling the rest of the pit with soil.
2. It must be ensured that
animals do not have any access to burial sites. Covers of galvanised iron/wire
meshes may be used.
3. On each occasion, when wastes
are added to the pit, a layer of 10 em of soil shall
be added to cover the wastes.
4. Burial must be performed
under close and dedicated supervision.
5. The deep burial site should
be relatively impermeable and no shallow well should be close to the site.
6. The pits should be distant
from habitation, and sited so as to ensure that no contamination occurs of any
surface water or ground water. The area should not be prone to flooding or
erosion.
7. The location of the deep
burial site will be authorised by the prescribed authority.
8. The institution shall
maintain a record of all pits for deep burial.
*****